Many of the priests were German or Dutch and they made lifelong commitments to their Māori communities. They also started credit unions, piggeries, dairy farms, and co-operative stores. Some, like Father Carl Kreijmborg, were "builder-priests", themselves erecting churches. In spite of inadequate resources, the priests were very active. In 1886, Bishop John Edmund Luck obtained Mill Hill Fathers for the mission. In 1880, Archbishop Steins, the Bishop of Auckland, gave McDonald charge of the Māori mission. James McDonald was the only missionary to the Māori in the late 1870s.
The survival of the Māori church during the remaining decades of the 19th century was in large part due to Māori catechists – many of them trained at Pompallier's St Mary's Seminary. Māori įollowing 1850, the Māori mission continued in the Auckland diocese in an attenuated form and could not be revived until after the New Zealand Wars of the 1860s. In 1907, when New Zealand was created a Dominion, there were 126,995 Catholics out of a total European settler population of 888,578. In 1900 Holy Cross College, Mosgiel, a national seminary for the training of priests, was opened. The hierarchy was established with Wellington becoming the archiepiscopal see. In 1887, New Zealand became a separate ecclesiastical province. The Wellington diocese was divided into three dioceses, with Dunedin (1869) and later Christchurch (1887) being established in the South Island. In the 19th century some were from English recusant gentry families, including Sir Charles Clifford, 1st Baronet (first Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives), Frederick Weld ( sixth Premier of New Zealand) and their cousin William Vavasour. Many of the Catholic settlers were from Ireland, with some from England and Scotland. Increasingly, the Catholic Church in New Zealand was preoccupied with meeting the needs of the settler community. All but one of them were ordained within five weeks, and their training was the origin of St Mary's Seminary founded in that year. However, Pompallier, who was in Europe in 1850, returned to New Zealand with more priests, the first Sisters of Mercy and ten seminarians, whose training was quickly completed. This decision meant that much of the Māori mission in the North (where most Māori lived) was abandoned the Marists working in what became the Auckland diocese, including those who spoke Māori, moved to Wellington. Pompallier became Bishop of Auckland and the Marist Bishop Philippe Viard (1809–1872) took charge of Wellington, which included the southern half of the North Island and the whole of the South Island. The mission splits Īs a result of disagreement between Pompallier and Jean-Claude Colin, Superior of the Marists in France, Rome agreed to divide New Zealand into two ecclesiastical administrations from 1850. The Catholic Church established New Zealand as a separate vicariate in 1842. The number of Catholic colonists comprised fewer than 500, from a total number of around 5000. In 1840, New Zealand became a British colony with the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi. As well as stationing missionaries in the north, Pompallier began work in the Bay of Plenty, in the Waikato amongst Māori, and in Auckland and Wellington areas amongst European settlers.
The mission headquarters were established in Kororareka (later called Russell) where the Marists constructed a building (now called Pompallier) from pisé and set up a printing press. Pompallier was accompanied by members of the Society of Mary (Marists), and more soon arrived. He celebrated his first Mass in New Zealand at Totara Point, Hokianga, at the home of an Irish family, Thomas and Mary Poynton and their children, on 13 January 1838. He made New Zealand the centre of his activities, which covered a vast area in the Pacific. Nearly 70 years later, in January 1838, another Frenchman, Bishop Jean Baptiste Pompallier (1807–1871) arrived in New Zealand as the Vicar Apostolic of Western Oceania. Jean Baptiste Pompallier, first bishop of Oceania, residing in New Zealand, depicted on a glass-in-lead window in Tonga
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